Umthombo ohumushiwe: Umhleli weqembu le-WuXi AppTec

E-Guangzhou, eChina, amaphoyisa anesibopho sokusiza ophenyweni lwezifo eziwumshayabhuqe akhiphe ividiyo egadayo: Endaweni yokudlela efanayo, laba ababili bangene endlini yokugezela belandelana ngaphandle kokuthintana ngokomzimba.Imizuzwana eyi-14 kuphela yesikhathi sokuphilisana evumele igciwane elisha lomqhele ukuthi lithole ithuba, liqedele ukusabalala.

Imephu yeqembu lokuqukethwe le-WuXi AppTec

E-Australia eningizimu nenkabazwe, abantu baphinde bamangale lapho bebona “ukutheleleka okusheshayo” okufanayo.Ngenkathi iziphathimandla zezempilo eNew South Wales zilandela la macala, bathola ukuthi umuntu onegciwane kanye nabantu okungenani abathathu"idlula" nje ngaphandle kwenxanxathela yezitolo noma isitolo sekhofi, ingena ngokushesha endaweni efanayo, futhi igciwane labangela ukutheleleka.

Imiphumela yokulandelana kwe-viral genome kumasampula alawa macala ibonise ukuthi i-coronavirus entsha lokhoukutheleleka kungokweDelta mutant strain, okuwuhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus mutant olutholwe okokuqala eNdiya ngo-Okthoba 2020.Isazi sezemfundo uZhong Nanshan siphinde saveza engxoxweni yabezindaba yakamuva ukuthi "uhlobo lwe-delta lunomthwalo omkhulu,igesi ekhishwe umoya inobuthi futhi ithathelwana kakhulu", ukuze kube nezindinganiso eziqinile ukuze kuchazwe "oxhumana nabo abaseduze"...

Dlulisa umhlaba

Ngo-Ephreli nangoMeyi 2021, kwaba negagasi elibi lalolu bhubhane eNdiya.Ngokwemininingwane ekhishwe uMnyango Wezempilo waseNdiya,inani lamacala asanda kuqinisekiswa ngosuku olulodwa lidlule ku-400,000 ngesikhathi esisodwa!Yize kunemibuthano emikhulu nezinye izinto ezingemuva kwayo, iqiniso elingephikiswe ukuthi isibalo sabantu abangenwe yi-Delta mutant strain sikhula ngokushesha.

Ngaphandle kweNdiya, ukusuka eNepal kuya eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kuya endaweni enkulu emhlabeni jikelele, uhlobo lwe-Delta mutant nalo lwasabalala ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule.

“Okuhlukile kwe-Delta kungukuhluka okuthathelana kakhulu okutholwe kuze kube manje.Itholwe emazweni/ezifundeni ezingama-85 futhi isisakazeke ngokushesha kubantu abangagonyiwe.” UMqondisi-Jikelele Wenhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba uDkt. Tan Desai ngoJuni 25 Wathi esithangamini nabezindaba.

UDkt. Tan Desai, uMqondisi-Jikelele weNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba |Izithombe ze-ITU ezivela eGeneva, Switzerland, CC BY 2.0, nge-Wikimedia Commons)

Icala lokuqala lokutheleleka kweDelta latholwa e-United Kingdom maphakathi no-Ephreli.Ngaleso sikhathi, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa “zokuvinjwa”, ngokuthuthuka kokugoma, inani lezifo, ukulaliswa esibhedlela, nokufa konke lehla kakhulu, futhi ubhubhane lwalubonakala luthuthuka.

Kodwa-ke, uhlobo oluguquguqukayo lweDelta ngokushesha luveze igagasi lesithathu leziqongo zobhubhane e-UK., futhi inani lamacala amasha ngosuku lidlule ku-8,700.Leli gciwane lisabalale ngokushesha phakathi kwabantu abangagonyiwe, okuphoqe i-UK ukuthi ihlehlise uhlelo lwayo lokuvula kabusha.Empeleni,uhlobo lwamanje lwe-Delta mutant luthathe indawo ye-Alpha mutant strain (okungukuthi, uhlobo oluguquguqukayo lwe-B.1.1.7) olutholwe okokuqala e-UK, futhi sekuyi-coronavirus yasendaweni ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ezwekazini laseMelika, ukuthambekela kokuhlukahluka kweDelta nakho kubangele ukukhathazeka.Ngokwesampula yocwaningo olwenziwe eCalifornia,inani lamacala abangelwa i-Alpha variant strain, ngaphambili okwakuyi-"mainstream", lehlile lisuka ngaphezu kuka-70% ngasekupheleni kuka-April laya cishe ku-42% ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, futhi "ukukhuphuka" kokuhluka kwe-Delta kunesibopho salokhu.Isizathu esikhulu salolu shintsho.Umqondisi we-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) uxwayise ngokuthi emasontweni ambalwa ezayo, ukuhluka kweDelta kungase kube ukuhluka okukhulu kwe-coronavirus e-United States.

Ingxenye yezinhlobo ezahlukene zegciwane le-COVID-19 (izinhlobo ze-Delta mutant ziluhlaza) |nextstrain.org)

E-China, ngaphezu kwe-Guangzhou, amacala e-Delta eguquguqukayo atholakale e-Shenzhen, e-Dongguan nakwezinye izindawo eziseduze.Ukubhekana ngeziqu zamehlo kwabantu nezinhlobo eziguquguqukayo zeDelta sekuqalile.

Akukhona nje ukuthi ukusabalala kunamandla kakhulu

Selokhu kwaqubuka ubhubhane olusha lomqhele isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziguquguqukayo zihehe ukunakwa okukhethekile, okuhlanganisa uhlobo lwe-Alpha mutant olwaqinisekiswa okokuqala e-United Kingdom ngoSepthemba 2020, kanye nohlobo lwe-Beta mutant (B.1.351) olwaqinisekiswa okokuqala eNingizimu Afrika ngoMeyi 2020. , Kanye nohlobo lwe-P0.

NgoMeyi 11, iWorld Health Organisation yabala uhlobo lweDelta mutant olwatholwa okokuqala eNdiya njengolwesine “okuhlukile kokukhathazeka” (VOC).Ngokwencazelo ye-WHO, i-VOC isho“Kusolwa noma kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzodala ukwanda kokutheleleka noma ubuthi;noma ukwanda noma ukushintsha ukubonakaliswa kwezifo emtholampilo;noma abangele izinguquko ekuxilongweni okukhona, ezinyathelweni zokwelashwa, kanye nempumelelo yomuthi wokugoma.

Idatha ekhona evela ezikhungweni ezifana noMnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-United Kingdom (PHE) ibonisa lokhoamandla okudlulisela ohlobo oluhlukile lwe-Delta aphakeme ngo-100% kunalawo ohlobo lokuqala;uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lwe-Alpha olwaluzungeza umhlaba wonke engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka odlule, okuhlukile kwe-Delta Ikhono lokudlulisela le-strain linamandla nakakhulu, izinga lokudlulisela liphezulu ngo-60%.

Ngaphezu kokwanda okukhulu kokutheleleka nokutheleleka, uFeng Zijian, umcwaningi eChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, uthe ngesikhathi ethula amacala akamuva emiqhele emisha eGuangzhou, uhlobo lweDelta mutant “esinye isici ukuthi isikhathi sokufukamela noma isikhawu sokudlula siyafinyezwa-ngesikhathi esifushane).Kwadlula izizukulwane ezinhlanu noma eziyisithupha ngezinsuku eziyi-10 kuphela.” Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-PCR yamasampuli avela kubantu abanaleli gciwane ibonise ukuthi inani legciwane egazini lenyuke kakhulu, okwenza ukuthi izifo zenzeke kakhulu.

E-United Kingdom, lapho okuhlukile kwe-Delta kuye kwabalelwa ku-90% wamacala, ubufakazi bokuqala bubonisa ukuthiuma kuqhathaniswa nokwahluka kwe-Alpha, abantu abangenwe ukwahluka kwe-Delta cishe baphindwe kabili amathuba okuba balaliswe esibhedlela, okusho ukuthi ubungozi bokulaliswa esibhedlela bukhuphuka ngo-100%.

Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo ezibalulekile ezithwalwa izinhlobo zegciwane elisha le-coronavirus elishintshayo okukhathazayo njengamanje.Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo oluguquguqukayo lwe-Delta lunezinguquko zofuzo eziyi-13 ezihlukile uma kuqhathaniswa nohlobo lokuqala lwegciwane |Ithimba Lokuqukethwe le-WuXi AppTec

Uma sibheka ukulandelana kofuzo kohlobo lweDelta mutant,inezinguquko ezithile ezihlukile kufuzo olufaka ikhodi ye-spike ye-coronavirus entsha, engagcini nje ngokuthinta ikhono lokudlulisela igciwane, kodwa futhi engabangela ukuphunyuka kwamasosha omzimba..Ngamanye amazwi, amasosha omzimba angathathi hlangothi akhiqizwa ngemva kokutheleleka kwangaphambilini noma ukugoma kungase kunciphise amandla okuhlanganisa okuhlukile kwe-Delta.

Ukubaluleka komgomo

Lapho kubhekene nokwehluka kwe-Delta okusongelayo, ingabe imigomo ekhona isenganikeza ukuvikeleka okwanele?

"Imvelo" ishicilele iphepha lokucwaninga ngoJuni 10.Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yekhono le-antibody neutralization ibonise lokhoemasontweni amabili noma amane ngemva kokugonywa okuphelele kwemithamo emibili yomgomo we-mRNA neocorona BNT162b2, i-antibody engathathi hlangothi ekhiqizwa emzimbeni womuntu inomphumela omuhle ku-Delta.I-strain isenomphumela obalulekile wokuvimbela.

Umsebenzi ongathathi hlangothi we-serum yokugoma ngokumelene ne-coronavirus entsha yasekuqaleni kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-mutant ezihlanganisa uhlobo lwe-Delta |Ireferensi [1]

Ukuphendula izinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu zegciwane, i-Delta ne-Alpha, ebangela izimpawu ze-COVID-19, ukuthi ukugoma kungakuvimbela kanjani, uMnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-United Kingdom umemezele imiphumela yocwaningo lomhlaba wangempela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi.

Idatha ibonisa ukuthi nakuba umgomo unomphumela wokuvikela obuthakathaka kuhlobo lwe-Deltauma kuqhathaniswa ne-Alpha strain, isenganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezimpawu ezintsha zomqhele.Ifakwe ngokugcwele ngemijovo emibili yomgomo we-mRNA, umphumela wokuvikela ungafinyelela ku-88%;ngokuphambene, umphumela wokuvimbela ngokumelene ne-Alpha ungama-93%.

Ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi uma isibhamu esisodwa kuphela somgomo senziwa, amandla okuvimbela uhlobo oluguquguqukayo ancipha kakhulu.Emasontweni amathathu ngemuva komthamo wokuqala wokugoma, le mithi yokugoma emibili inganciphisa kuphela ubungozi bezimpawu ezintsha zomqhele ezibangelwa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-Delta ngo-33%, kanye nengozi ye-Alpha ngama-50%, yomibili engaphansi komphumela wokuvikela okhiqizwa ngemuva kokugoma okugcwele kwemithamo emi-2.

Ukuphumelela kokuvikela kwemithi emibili emisha yokugomela i-B.1.617.2 kanye ne-B.1.1.7 yezinhlobo eziguquguqukayo |Izinkomba [8]

Iphephabhuku eligunyaziwe lezokwelapha elithi "The Lancet" lishicilele enye imininingwane evela eMnyangweni Wezempilo Yomphakathi wase-United Kingdom ngoJuni 15, ekhombisa ukuthiumuthi wokugoma omusha onezinhlamvu ezimbili (okuhlanganisa nezinhlobo eziningi zokugoma) unganciphisa kakhulu ingcuphe yokulaliswa esibhedlela.Ucwaningo luphinde lwabonisa ukuthi okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-28 ngemva komjovo wokuqala, umphumela wokuvimbela womuthi wokugoma uyabonakala.

Ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obuningi, i-WHO kanye nochwepheshe abavela emazweni amaningi baye bakugcizelela kaningi lokhokubaluleke kakhulu ukuqedela yonke inqubo yokugoma yemithi yokugoma edinga imithamo emibili (noma ngaphezulu), ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela i-COVID-19 enzima nokufa.

Ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo, ukuvikelwa okuqhubekayo

Kubantu abanamazinga aphansi okugoma, okuhlukile kwe-Delta kunethuba lokusabalala ngokushesha.Ucwaningo olususelwa ekulandeleni kwedatha yamasampula acishe abe ngu-20,000 kusukela ngo-Ephreli luthole lokhoezindaweni lapho iphesenti lezakhamuzi eziqeda yonke inqubo yokugoma lingaphansi kwama-30%, ukusabalala kohlobo oluhlukile lwe-Delta kuphezulu kakhulu kunezinye izindawo lapho izinga lokugoma lidlula leli phesenti.

Olunye ucwaningo luphinde lwathola ukuthi umehluko omkhulu emazingeni okugoma kungenzeka ubangele umehluko enanini lamacala kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela okubangelwa ukwahluka kwe-Delta ezifundeni ezahlukene.

Njengoba i-coronavirus entsha iqhubeka nokusabalala emhlabeni wonke, ukuguqulwa kwegciwane akunakugwenywa.Ngaphezu kohlobo oluguquguqukayo lweDelta olunamandla okudlulisa amandla kuze kube manje,ososayensi baphinde baqaphe ezinye izinhlobo eziguquguqukayo, okuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa eziguquguqukayo ezibhalwe njenge-“Mutant Strains to Be Observed” (VOI) yiNhlangano Yezempilo Yomhlaba.

Ungavinjelwa kanjani uhlobo olusha lwe-coronavirus olushintshashintsha njalo, uDkt. Michael Ryan we-WHO ukholelwa ukuthi: “Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kungabangela izinguquko ezicini zegciwane, njengokuba sengozini yokuthelela abantu, ukuphila ngamaconsi isikhathi eside, nokuchayeka kancane.Izodala ukutheleleka, njll.Kodwa la magciwane aguquguqukayo ngeke akushintshe esizokwenza, asikhumbuza ukuthi sithathe zonke izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezingenziwa, futhi sithathe izinyathelo eziqinile, okuhlanganisa ukugqoka imaski, ukunciphisa imibuthano, njll. Sigcizelele kaningi Izinyathelo. ”

Kafushane, nakuba uhlobo lwe-Delta oluguquguqukayo luye lwanda ukutheleleka, lwanciphisa isikhathi sokufukamela, futhi umuntu onegciwane uyagula kakhulu, kodwa akuvinjelwa ngokuphelele.Noma ngabe ukugoma njengoba kudingekile, noma izinyathelo ezinjengamaski nokuzihlukanisa nomphakathi, kulindeleke ukuthi kulawulwe kahle.Ekubhekaneni ne-Delta mutant, isinyathelo empeleni sisezandleni zethu.

Izithenjwa

[1] Ukulandelela okuhlukile kwe-SARS-CoV-2 Kutholwe ngoJuni 24, 2021 kusukela ku-https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/

[2] Ukuhluka kwe-Delta coronavirus: ososayensi babhekela umthelela, Itholwe ngoJuni 24, 2021, kusukela ku-https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01696-3

[3] Izinhlobo zeCoronavirus ziyasabalala eNdiya - lokho ososayensi abakwaziyo kuze kube manje.Ibuyiswe ngoMeyi 11, 2021, kusukela ku-https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01274-7

[4] Okuhlukile kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kokukhathazeka nokuhlukile okungaphansi kophenyo e-England.Ibuyiswe ngo-Ephreli 25, 2021, kusukela, ku-https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/979818/Variants_of_Concern_VOC_Technical_Briefing_9_England.pdf

[5] I-Delta Variant yeCoronavirus Ingabusa E-US, Phakathi Namasonto.Ibuyiswe ngoJuni 23, kusukela ku-https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2021/06/22/1008859705/delta-variant-coronavirus-unvaccinated-us-covid-surge

[6] Ibuyiselwe ngoJuni 26, 2021 kusukela ku-https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_13296668

[7] Ikhishwe igunya lendlela ehlanganyelwe yokuvimbela nokulawula yoMkhandlu Wezwe (Juni 11, 2021)Ibuyiswe ngomhla ka-Juni 26, 2021 kusukela ku-http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/gwylflkjz160/index.htm

[8] Ukusebenza kwemithi yokugomela i-COVID-19 ngokumelene ne-B.1.617.2 Variant.Ibuyiswe ngomhlaka-23 Meyi 2021, kusukela ku-https://khub.net/documents/135939561/430986542/Ukusebenza+kwe+COVID-19+vaccines+against+the+B.1.617.2+variant.pdf/204c12-f3-67a4-e4 2