Ukuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri kuqala ngokuqoqwa kwesampula, futhi ukuqoqwa kwesampula kulula kakhulu ukungakunaki.Into ebaluleke kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwesampula ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwesampula, ukusebenzisa amathuluzi amasampula afanelekile, nokwenza ukuthutha nokucubungula okuphusile.

I. Uhlobo lwesampula

Izinhlobo zamasampula ezivamile yilezi ezilandelayo:

Indlela yesampula ingabhekisa ekucacisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kokuqapha imvelo kwe-coronavirus entsha emakethe yohwebo lwezolimo (i-bazaar) ”:

1. Amasampula e-swab asuka ezinhlamvini zomphimbo, ezandleni, ezimpahleni nakwezinye izinto zabasebenzi: kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa isisombululo sokulondoloza igciwane eshubhuni yesampula yegciwane futhi ungene ngokugcwele kumasampula kakotini ama-swabs.Ubuso bomhlaba) busetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi buhlanjululwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isampula esabalaliswe ngamaphuzu amaningi ebusweni bento eyisampula.

2. Amasampula e-swab ebusweni bokudla: Amasampula okudla awakwazi ukuqoqwa ngokuqondile.Ukudla okufanele kuqoqwe kufanele kuhlukaniswe ngokucophelela futhi kugcinwe esikhwameni sesampula esihlanzekile ngaphambi kokuqoqa amasampula e-swab.Kudingeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane eshubhuni yesampula yegciwane, ngemva kokucwiliswa ngokugcwele kwesampula kakotini swab, ukuze ugcobe ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ugeze ingaphezulu lesampula lokudla okufanele liqoqwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isampula esabalaliswe ngamaphuzu amaningi endaweni yesampula.

3. Amasampula okukhucululwa kwendle: Ngokuya ngokusatshalaliswa kwesistimu yokukhipha indle emakethe, khetha izindawo ezingu-2-3 zokusampula indle, ugxile ekuqoqweni kwenethiwekhi yamapayipi angaphakathi, ezansi nomfula lapho ugeleza khona amanzi, noma ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi yamapayipi kamasipala.Ukuze uqoqe isampula le-swab, licwilise emanzini endle ngesampula kakotini swab ukuze ulenze likhangise indle futhi uyihlanza eshubhuni lesampula izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-3.Ukuqoqa amasampula endle, sebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki e-polyethylene ukuqoqa amasampula amanzi okukhuculula ama-30-500 mL;ukuze kuqoqwe indle enomthamo omkhulu kuno-500 mL, amabhakede epulasitiki enziwe nge-polyethylene noma isampula yamanzi asendaweni imishini ekhethekile yokucebisa ingasetshenziswa.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isampula esabalaliswe ngamaphuzu amaningi endaweni yesampula yokukhuculula indle.

4. Amasampula ezilwane: Ezilwaneni eziphilayo, ama-swabs amasampula angasetshenziswa ukuqoqa ama-swabs ebusweni bomzimba, ama-oropharyngeal swabs kanye nama-anal swabs, kanye namasampula endle noma okuphumayo nawo angaqoqwa futhi aqoshwe ngokufanele eshidini lokurekhoda.Kumasampuli ezilwane ezihlinzwe izikhumba, njll., sebenzisa ama-swabs kakotini ukuze uqoqe ingaphezulu lemizimba yazo kanye namasampula omgodi womgodi womzimba.Kudingeka ukusebenzisa isixazululo sokulondoloza igciwane eshubhuni yesampula yegciwane ukuze kungene ngokugcwele isampula likakotini swab, bese uphinda ukusetshenziswa kwendawo yesampula yokudla ezoqoqwa.Shabu izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezi-3.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuyadingeka ukwenza isampula esabalaliswe ngamaphuzu amaningi endaweni yesampula.

5. Ezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo: iziqukathi zokuthutha kanye nokuzalanisa izilwane njengamakheji noma amathange ezinhlanzi.Okokuqala, bheka noma uqonde izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ezigcinwe futhi ezifuywe esitsheni, futhi uqoqe amasampula e-swab odongeni lwangaphakathi lwesiqukathi noma amasampula oketshezi okuqukethwe.

6. Qoqa amasampula e-aerosol ezindaweni lapho abantu behlangana khona, izindawo zokuhweba zendawo ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile, amahhovisi, nezindawo zokuphumula.

II.Amathuluzi okusampula
1. Ithubhu yokuqoqa igazi
Uma udinga ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-nucleic acid kanye namasampula e-anticoagulant kamuva, kutuswa ukuthi usebenzise isitsha segazi se-vacuum esiqukethe i-EDTA anticoagulant ukuze uqoqe igazi;kumasampula e-serum, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isitsha segazi se-vacuum ngaphandle kwe-anticoagulant.

2. Isampula swab

Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ama-polypropylene swabs esikhundleni se-calcium alginate swabs noma ama-swabs anezigxobo zokhuni, ngoba angase aqukathe izinto ezenza amagciwane athile angasebenzi futhi avimbele ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR.Ama-swabs anamakhanda ekotini awakwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba izintambo zikakotini zine-adsorption eqinile yamaprotheni futhi azikhishwa kalula kusixazululo sokulondoloza esilandelayo.

Ku-“Technical Specifications for 10-in-1 Mixed Collection and Detection of New Coronavirus Nucleic Acids”, kubekwe ngokucacile ukuthi “i-swab yesampula kufanele yenziwe nge-polyester, inayiloni nezinye izinto ezingezona zikakotini nezingezona i-calcium, futhi isibambo kufanele senziwe ngezinto ezingezona zokhuni.Indawo yokuphuka icishe ibe ngu-3cm ukusuka phezulu kwekhanda le-swab, okulula ukuliphuka.”

I-CDC yase-United States iphinde yathi “Sebenzisa kuphela ama-synthetic fiber swabs anepulasitiki noma izintambo zocingo.Ungasebenzisi i-calcium alginate swabs noma ama-swabs anemigodi yokhuni,njengoba zingaqukatha izinto ezenza amanye amagciwane asebenze futhi zivimbele ukuhlolwa kwe-PCR.

Okwamanje osetshenziswa kabanzi iswabhu enayiloni eyinyumba eyinyumba ehlanganiswe nenduku yepulasitiki.I-swab ekhulayo inokumunca amanzi okungcono kanye nezinga lokukhululwa.Ngokwezingosi ezihlukene zamasampula, ikhanda le-swab nalo linobukhulu obuhlukene nemicu.Ugqinsi.”

3. Isixazululo sokulondoloza izinto zokuhamba esiyisampula

Isixazululo sokulondoloza ukungasebenzi kwegciwane: inani elifanele lokuhlushwa kukasawoti we-guanidine kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezingxenye ze-virus lysis zingalixosha ngokuqondile igciwane ukuze likhulule i-nucleic acid, yenze i-RNase ne-DNase isebenze, futhi iqinisekise ubuqotho be-nucleic acid, engasetshenziselwa ukutholwa kwe-qPCR elandelayo.Angeke isetshenziselwe ukutshalwa kwegciwane kanye nokuzihlukanisa.

Isixazululo sokuthutha amagciwane kanye nokulondoloza: iqukethe usawoti, ama-amino acid, amavithamini, i-glucose namaprotheni adingekayo ukuze kuphile igciwane, okungagcina umsebenzi wegciwane.Ingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha i-nucleic acid nokutholwa kwegciwane esikhathini esizayo, futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukutshala nokuhlukanisa igciwane.

4. Ishubhu yokulondoloza isampula kanye nesikhwama sesampula

Ishubhu yokugcina isampula kufanele kube ishubhu lepulasitiki eliyinyumba elinekepisi eliyisikulufu elingakhangisi i-nucleic acid.Ishubhu ngayinye yesampula kufanele imbozwe ngesikhwama sesampula ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokungcoliswa kwesampula.

III.Izinto eziphazamisayo kusampula

Izinto eziphazamisayo ekuhloleni kwe-PCR

1. isiphazamiso endogenous

Izinto ezikhona kusampula yomzimba zingaphazamisa ukutholwa kwezinye izinto.

Igazi:i-heme (>1mg/ml), i-hemin (>0.1ng/μl), i-triglycerides, i-IgG, njll.;

Umchamo:I-Urea (20mM);

Indle:isitshalo se-polysaccharides, i-cholate;

Izicubu:amaprotheni, i-collagen;

Ubisii-protease, i-calcium ion;

Izidakamizwa: ama-antibiotics, izidakamizwa ezilwa namagciwane, amahomoni, njll.

okunye.

2. ukugxambukela kwangaphandle

Iphuma ezintweni ezingaphazamisa ukutholwa kwezinye izinto ze-in vitro.Izithasiselo eziyisampula nezinto okungathintwa ngazo ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa nokucubungula isampula:

Izimpahla zokuhlola: ijeli yokuhlukanisa i-serum, isitsha sokuqoqa isampula nesivalo senjoloba, i-catheter, i-catheter flushing fluid, impushana yegilavu, njll.

I-Anticoagulant: i-heparin (>0.1 U/mL), i-EDTA (>0.5 mM), njll.;

Izinyibilikisi ze-organic: isopropanol (> 0.1 IU/ml), i-betaine, i-dimethyl sulfoxide, i-formamide, i-glycerin, i-PEG, njll.;

Izibulala-magciwane: utshwala (i-ethanol>1%), i-aldehydes, i-phenol (phenol>0.2%), ama-peroxides, ama-acids aqinile (HCL), ama-alkali aqinile (NaOH), njll.;

Okokuhlanza:I-SDS (>0.005%);

Umhlabathi: humus

I-Dyestuff: Indigo

okunye.

Ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zesampula zangaphandle, njengokuqoqa amasampula emvelo, amasampuli angaqukatha izinto ezihlukahlukene eziphazamisayo, futhi ukwakheka kwezinto eziphazamisayo endaweni ngayinye kuhlukile, okudinga ukuhlolwa kokuphazanyiswa kwe-PCR ukuba kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zendawo.

IV.Isampula yesitoreji kanye nezimo zokuhamba

Izibonelo zomtholampilo ezisanda kuqoqwa kufanele zithunyelwe elabhorethri phakathi kwamahora angu-2 kuya kwangu-4 ngemva kokuqoqwa ku-2°C kuya ku-8°C.Gcina ku-4℃ phakathi kwamahora angu-24.Izibonelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa kwegciwane kanye nokutholwa kwe-nucleic acid kufanele zihlolwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.Izibonelo ezingahlolwa kungakapheli amahora angama-24 zingagcinwa ku-4°C;ama-specimens angeke abonakale phakathi namahora angu-24 kufanele agcinwe ku--70°C noma ngaphansi (uma kungenjalo- Gcina ku-70°C esiqandisini esingu-20°C).

Isifinyezo:Ukuqoqwa okujwayelekile, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwamasampula kubalulekile ekuhlolweni okulandelayo.Ama-negative amanga okuhlolwa kwaselabhorethri amaningi abangelwa ukuqoqwa okungafanele, ukuthuthwa nokugcinwa kwamasampula okuholela ekulimazeni kwe-viral nucleic acid.Nokho, amalabhorethri amaningi asakushaya indiva ukubaluleka kokuthatha amasampula.Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko singavusa ukunaka kwawo wonke umuntu ekuthathweni kwesampula futhi senze amasampula esayensi futhi anengqondo!

Umkhiqizo ohlobene:

I-SARS-CoV-2 Variant Nucleic Acid Detection Kit (I) (Multiplex PCR Fluorescent Probe Method)-Yokutholwa Kweziguqukile Ezivela EBrazil, eNingizimu Afrika, nase-UK